libaws

why

aws is amazing, but it's hard to see the forest for the trees.

aws should have fewer knobs.

aws should be easy to use, and hard to screw up.

aws should be fast, and fun.

aws should have a tldr.

how

easily CREATE and DEPLOY useful systems to aws:

• that contain:

  • lambdas
  • s3 buckets
  • dynamodb tables
  • sqs queues
  • vpcs
  • vpc security groups
  • ec2 instance profiles
  • ec2 keypairs.

• that react to lambda triggers:

  • http apis
  • websocket messages
  • s3 bucket writes
  • dynamodb table writes
  • sqs queue puts
  • cron schedules
  • ecr docker pushes

what

a simpler way to declare aws infrastructure that is easy to use and extend.

there are two ways to use it:

• yaml and the cli

• go structs and the go api

the primary entrypoints are:

• infra-ls: view deployed infrastructure sets.

• infra-ensure: deploy an infrastructure set.

• infra-rm: remove an infrastructure set.

infra-ensure is a positive assertion. it asserts that some named infrastructure exists, and is configured correctly, creating or updating it if needed.

many other entrypoints exist, and can be explored by type. they fall into two categories:

• mutate aws state:

  >> libaws -h | grep ensure | wc -l
  19
  
  >> libaws -h | grep new | wc -l
  1
  
  >> libaws -h | grep rm | wc -l
  26
  

• view aws state:

  >> libaws -h | grep ls | wc -l
  33
  
  >> libaws -h | grep describe | wc -l
  6
  
  >> libaws -h | grep get | wc -l
  16
  
  >> libaws -h | grep scan | wc -l
  1

aws sdk, pulumi, terraform, cloudformation, and serverless

compared to the full aws api, systems declared as infrastructure sets:

• have simpler examples.

• have fewer knobs.

• are easier to use.

• are harder to screw up.

• are almost always enough, and easy to extend.

• are more fun.

if you want to use the full aws api, there are many great tools:

• aws sdk for go
• pulumi
• terraform
• cloudformation
• serverless

readme index

• install
  • cli
  • go api
• tldr
  • define an infrastructure set
  • ensure the infrastructure set
  • trigger the infrastructure set
  • update the infrastructure set
  • delete the infrastructure set
• usage
  • explore the cli
  • explore a cli entrypoint
  • explore the go api
  • explore simple examples
  • explore complex examples
  • explore external examples
• infrastructure set
• typical usage
• design
• tradeoffs
• infra.yaml
  • environment variable substitution
  • name
  • s3
  • dynamodb
  • sqs
  • keypair
  • vpc
    • security group
  • instance profile
  • lambda
    • entrypoint
    • attr
    • policy
    • allow
    • env
    • include
    • require
    • trigger
      • api
      • websocket
      • s3
      • dynamodb
      • sqs
      • schedule
      • ecr
• bash completion
• outgrowing
• testing

install

cli

go install github.com/nathants/libaws@latest

export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin

go api

go get github.com/nathants/libaws@latest

tldr

define an infrastructure set

>> cd examples/simple/go/s3 && tree
.
├── infra.yaml
└── main.go

name: test-infraset-${uid}

s3:
  test-bucket-${uid}:
    attr:
      - acl=private

lambda:
  test-lambda-${uid}:
    entrypoint: main.go
    attr:
      - concurrency=0
      - memory=128
      - timeout=60
    policy:
      - AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
    trigger:
      - type: s3
        attr:
          - test-bucket-${uid}

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/events"
	"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambda"
)

func handleRequest(_ context.Context, e events.S3Event) (events.APIGatewayProxyResponse, error) {
	for _, record := range e.Records {
		fmt.Println(record.S3.Object.Key)
	}
	return events.APIGatewayProxyResponse{StatusCode: 200}, nil
}

func main() {
	lambda.Start(handleRequest)
}

ensure the infrastructure set

trigger the infrastructure set

update the infrastructure set

delete the infrastructure set

usage

explore the cli

>> libaws -h | grep ensure | head

codecommit-ensure             - ensure a codecommit repository
dynamodb-ensure               - ensure a dynamodb table
ec2-ensure-keypair            - ensure a keypair
ec2-ensure-sg                 - ensure a sg
ecr-ensure                    - ensure ecr image
iam-ensure-ec2-spot-roles     - ensure iam ec2 spot roles that are needed to use ec2 spot
iam-ensure-instance-profile   - ensure an iam instance-profile
iam-ensure-role               - ensure an iam role
iam-ensure-user-api           - ensure an iam user with api key
iam-ensure-user-login         - ensure an iam user with login

explore a cli entrypoint

>> libaws dynamodb-ensure -h

ensure a dynamodb table

example:

 - libaws dynamodb-ensure test-table userid:s:hash timestamp:n:range stream=keys_only

required attrs:

 - NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE

optional attrs:

 - ProvisionedThroughput.ReadCapacityUnits=VALUE, shortcut: read=VALUE,  default: 0
 - ProvisionedThroughput.WriteCapacityUnits=VALUE shortcut: write=VALUE  default: 0
 - StreamSpecification.StreamViewType=VALUE,      shortcut: stream=VALUE

 - LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.IndexName=VALUE
 - LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Key.INTEGER=NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE
 - LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.ProjectionType=VALUE
 - LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.NonKeyAttributes.INTEGER=VALUE

 - GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.IndexName=VALUE
 - GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Key.INTEGER=NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE
 - GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.ProjectionType=VALUE
 - GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.NonKeyAttributes.INTEGER=VALUE
 - GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.ProvisionedThroughput.ReadCapacityUnits=VALUE
 - GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.ProvisionedThroughput.WriteCapacityUnits=VALUE

Usage: dynamodb-ensure [--preview] NAME ATTR [ATTR ...]

Positional arguments:
  NAME
  ATTR

Options:
  --preview, -p
  --help, -h             display this help and exit

explore the go api

package main

import (
	"github.com/nathants/libaws/lib"
)

func main() {
    lib. (TAB =>)
      |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
      |f AcmClient func() *acm.ACM (Function)                                          |
      |f AcmClientExplicit func(accessKeyID string, accessKeySecret string, region stri|
      |f AcmListCertificates func(ctx context.Context) ([]*acm.CertificateSummary, erro|
      |f Api func(ctx context.Context, name string) (*apigatewayv2.Api, error) (Functio|
      |f ApiClient func() *apigatewayv2.ApiGatewayV2 (Function)                        |
      |f ApiClientExplicit func(accessKeyID string, accessKeySecret string, region stri|
      |f ApiList func(ctx context.Context) ([]*apigatewayv2.Api, error) (Function)     |
      |f ApiListDomains func(ctx context.Context) ([]*apigatewayv2.DomainName, error) (|
      |f ApiUrl func(ctx context.Context, name string) (string, error) (Function)      |
      |f ApiUrlDomain func(ctx context.Context, name string) (string, error) (Function)|
      |...                                                                             |
      |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
}

explore simple examples

• api: python, go, docker
• dynamodb: python, go, docker
• ecr: python, go, docker
• includes: python, go
• s3: python, go, docker
• schedule: python, go, docker
• sqs: python, go, docker
• websocket: python, go, docker

explore complex examples

• s3-ec2:
  • write to s3 in-bucket
  • which triggers lambda
  • which launches ec2 spot
  • which reads from in-bucket, writes to out-bucket, and terminates

explore external examples

• new-gocljs

• aws-rce

• aws-ensure-route53

infrastructure set

an infrastructure set is defined by yaml or go struct and contains:

• stateful services
  • s3
  • dynamodb
  • sqs
• ec2 services
  • keypairs
  • instance profiles
  • vpcs
    • security groups
• lambdas
  • lambda triggers
    • api
    • websocket
    • s3
    • dynamodb
    • sqs
    • schedule
    • ecr

typical usage

• use infra-ls to view deployed infrastructure sets.

• use infra-ensure to deploy an infrastructure set.

• use infra-rm to remove an infrastructure set.

• use lambdas in the infrastructure set to:

  • respond to triggers.
  • manage fleets of ec2 instances.
  • monitor services.
  • do anything.

• rapidly iterate by responding to file changes:

  • on changes run:

    infra-ensure infra.yaml --quick LAMBDA_NAME
  • this updates the lambda code without making other changes.

design

• there is no implicit coordination.

  • if you aren't already serializing your infrastructure mutations, lock around dynamodb.

• there are only two state locations:

  • aws.
  • your code.

• aws resources are uniquely identified by name.

  • all aws resources share a private namespace scoped to account/region. use good names.
  • except s3, which shares a public namespace scoped to earth. use better names.

• mutative operations manipulate aws state.

  • mutative operations are idempotent. if they fail due to a transient error, run them again.
  • mutative operations can --preview. no output means no changes.

• ensure are mutative operations that create or update infrastructure.

• rm are mutative operations that delete infrastructure.

• ls, get, scan, and describe operations are non-mutative.

• multiple infrastructure sets can be deployed into the same account/region.

tradeoffs

• no attempt is made to avoid vendor lock-in.

  • migrating between cloud providers will always be non-trivial.
  • attempting to mitigate future migrations has more cost than benefit in the typical case.

• ensure operations are positive assertions. they assert that some named infrastructure exists, and is configured correctly, creating or updating it if needed.

  • positive assertions CANNOT remove top level infrastructure, but CAN remove configuration from them.

  • removing a trigger, policy, or allow WILL remove that from the lambda.

  • removing policy, or allow WILL remove that from the instance-profile.

  • removing a security-group WILL remove that from the vpc.

  • removing a rule WILL remove that from the security-group.

  • removing an attr WILL remove that from a sqs, s3, dynamodb, or lambda.

  • removing a keypair, vpc, instance-profile, sqs, s3, dynamodb, or lambda WON'T remove that from the account/region.

    • the operator decides IF and WHEN top level infrastructure should be deleted, then uses an rm operation to do so.

    • as a convenience, infra-rm will remove ALL infrastructure CURRENTLY declared in an infra.yaml.

infra.yaml

use an infra.yaml file to declare an infrastructure set. the schema is as follows:

name: VALUE
lambda:
  VALUE:
    entrypoint: VALUE
    policy:     [VALUE ...]
    allow:      [VALUE ...]
    attr:       [VALUE ...]
    require:    [VALUE ...]
    env:        [VALUE ...]
    include:    [VALUE ...]
    trigger:
      - type: VALUE
        attr: [VALUE ...]
s3:
  VALUE:
    attr: [VALUE ...]
dynamodb:
  VALUE:
    key:  [VALUE ...]
    attr: [VALUE ...]
sqs:
  VALUE:
    attr: [VALUE ...]
vpc:
  VALUE:
    security-group:
      VALUE:
        rule: [VALUE ...]
keypair:
  VALUE:
    pubkey-content: VALUE
instance-profile:
  VALUE:
    allow: [VALUE ...]
    policy: [VALUE ...]

environment variable substitution

anywhere in infra.yaml you can substitute environment variables from the caller's environment:

• example:

  s3:
    test-bucket-${uid}:
      attr:
        - versioning=${versioning}

the following variables are defined during deployment, and are useful in allow declarations:

• ${API_ID} the id of the apigateway v2 api created by an api trigger.

• ${WEBSOCKET_ID} the id of the apigateway v2 websocket created by a websocket trigger.

name

defines the name of the infrastructure set.

• schema:

  name: VALUE

• example:

  name: test-infraset

s3

defines a s3 bucket:

• the following attributes can be defined:

  • acl=VALUE, values: public | private, default: private
  • versioning=VALUE, values: true | false, default: false
  • metrics=VALUE, values: true | false, default: true
  • cors=VALUE, values: true | false, default: false
  • ttldays=VALUE, values: 0 | n, default: 0

• schema:

  s3:
    VALUE:
      attr:
        - VALUE

• example:

  s3:
    test-bucket:
      attr:
        - versioning=true
        - acl=public

dynamodb

defines a dynamodb table:

• specify key as:

  • NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE

• the following attributes can be defined:

  • ProvisionedThroughput.ReadCapacityUnits=VALUE, shortcut: read=VALUE, default: 0
  • ProvisionedThroughput.WriteCapacityUnits=VALUE, shortcut: write=VALUE, default: 0
  • StreamSpecification.StreamViewType=VALUE, shortcut: stream=VALUE, default: 0
  • LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.IndexName=VALUE
  • LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Key.INTEGER=NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE
  • LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.ProjectionType=VALUE
  • LocalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.NonKeyAttributes.INTEGER=VALUE
  • GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.IndexName=VALUE
  • GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Key.INTEGER=NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE
  • GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.ProjectionType=VALUE
  • GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.Projection.NonKeyAttributes.INTEGER=VALUE
  • GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.ProvisionedThroughput.ReadCapacityUnits=VALUE
  • GlobalSecondaryIndexes.INTEGER.ProvisionedThroughput.WriteCapacityUnits=VALUE

• schema:

  dynamodb:
    VALUE:
      key:
        - NAME:ATTR_TYPE:KEY_TYPE
      attr:
        - VALUE

• example:

  dynamodb:
    stream-table:
      key:
        - userid:s:hash
        - timestamp:n:range
      attr:
        - stream=keys_only
    auth-table:
      key:
        - id:s:hash
      attr:
        - write=50
        - read=150

sqs

defines a sqs queue:

• the following attributes can be defined:

  • DelaySeconds=VALUE, shortcut: delay=VALUE, default: 0
  • MaximumMessageSize=VALUE, shortcut: size=VALUE, default: 262144
  • MessageRetentionPeriod=VALUE, shortcut: retention=VALUE, default: 345600
  • ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds=VALUE, shortcut: wait=VALUE, default: 0
  • VisibilityTimeout=VALUE, shortcut: timeout=VALUE, default: 30

• schema:

  sqs:
    VALUE:
      attr:
        - VALUE

• example:

  sqs:
    test-queue:
      attr:
        - delay=20
        - timeout=300

keypair

defines an ec2 keypair.

• example:

  keypair:
    VALUE:
      pubkey-content: VALUE

• example:

  keypair:
    test-keypair:
      pubkey-content: ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAICVp11Z99AySWfbLrMBewZluh7cwLlkjifGH5u22RXor

vpc

defines a default-like vpc with an internet gateway and public access.

• schema:

  vpc:
    VALUE: {}

• example:

  vpc:
    test-vpc: {}

security group

defines a security group on a vpc

• schema:

  vpc:
    VALUE:
      security-group:
        VALUE:
          rule:
            - PROTO:PORT:SOURCE

• example:

  vpc:
    test-vpc:
      security-group:
        test-sg:
          rule:
            - tcp:22:0.0.0.0/0

instance profile

defines an ec2 instance profile.

• schema:

  instance-profile:
    VALUE:
      allow:
        - SERVICE:ACTION ARN
      policy:
        - VALUE

• example:

  instance-profile:
    test-profile:
      allow:
        - s3:* *
      policy:
        - AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

lambda

defines a lambda.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE: {}

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda: {}

entrypoint

defines the code of the lambda. it is one of:

• a python file.

• a go file.

• an ecr container uri.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      entrypoint: VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      entrypoint: main.go

attr

defines lambda attributes. the following can be defined:

• concurrency defines the reserved concurrent executions, default: 0

• memory defines lambda ram in megabytes, default: 128

• timeout defines the lambda timeout in seconds, default: 300

• logs-ttl-days defines the ttl days for cloudwatch logs, default: 7

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      attr:
        - KEY=VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      attr:
        - concurrency=100
        - memory=256
        - timeout=60
        - logs-ttl-days=1

policy

defines policies on the lambda's iam role.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      policy:
        - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      policy:
        - AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

allow

defines allows on the lambda's iam role.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      allow:
        - SERVICE:ACTION ARN

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      allow:
        - s3:* *
        - dynamodb:* arn:aws:dynamodb:*:*:table/test-table

env

defines environment variables on the lambda:

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      env:
        - KEY=VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      env:
        - kind=production

include

defines extra content to include in the lambda zip:

• this is ignored when entrypoint is an ecr container uri.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      include:
        - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      include:
        - ./cacerts.crt
        - ../frontend/public/*

require

defines dependencies to install with pip in the virtualenv zip.

• this is ignored unless the entrypoint is a python file.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      require:
        - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      require:
        - fastapi==0.76.0

trigger

defines triggers for the lambda:

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: VALUE
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: dynamodb
          attr:
            - test-table

trigger types

api

defines an apigateway v2 http api:

• add a custom domain with attr: domain=api.example.com

• add a custom domain and update route53 with attr: dns=api.example.com

  • this domain, or its parent domain, must already exist as a hosted zone in route53.

  • this domain, or its parent domain, must already have an acm certificate with subdomain wildcard.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: api
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: api
          attr:
            - dns=api.example.com

websocket

defines an apigateway v2 websocket api:

• add a custom domain with attr: domain=ws.example.com

• add a custom domain and update route53 with attr: dns=ws.example.com

  • this domain, or its parent domain, must already exist as a hosted zone in route53-ls.

  • this domain, or its parent domain, must already have an acm certificate with subdomain wildcard.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: websocket
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: websocket
          attr:
            - dns=ws.example.com

s3

defines an s3 trigger:

• the only attribute must be the bucket name.

• object creation and deletion invoke the trigger.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: s3
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: s3
          attr:
            - test-bucket

dynamodb

defines a dynamodb trigger:

• the first attribute must be the table name.

• the following trigger attributes can be defined:

  • BatchSize=VALUE, shortcut: batch=VALUE, default: 100

  • ParallelizationFactor=VALUE, shortcut: parallel=VALUE, default: 1

  • MaximumRetryAttempts=VALUE, shortcut: retry=VALUE, default: -1

  • MaximumBatchingWindowInSeconds=VALUE, shortcut: window=VALUE, default: 0

  • StartingPosition=VALUE, shortcut: start=VALUE

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: dynamodb
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: dynamodb
          attr:
            - test-table
            - start=trim_horizon

sqs

defines a sqs trigger:

• the first attribute must be the queue name.

• the following trigger attributes can be defined:

  • BatchSize=VALUE, shortcut: batch=VALUE, default: 10

  • MaximumBatchingWindowInSeconds=VALUE, shortcut: window=VALUE, default: 0

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: sqs
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: sqs
          attr:
            - test-queue

schedule

defines a schedule trigger:

• the only attribute must be the schedule expression.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: schedule
          attr:
            - VALUE

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: schedule
          attr:
            - rate(24 hours)

ecr

defines an ecr trigger:

• successful image actions to any ecr repository will invoke the trigger.

• schema:

  lambda:
    VALUE:
      trigger:
        - type: ecr

• example:

  lambda:
    test-lambda:
      trigger:
        - type: ecr

bash completion

source completions.d/libaws.sh
source completions.d/aws-creds.sh
source completions.d/aws-creds-temp.sh

outgrowing

drop down to the aws go sdk and implement what you need.

extend an existing mutative operation or add a new one.

• make sure that mutative operations are IDEMPOTENT and can be PREVIEWED.

you will find examples in cmd/ and lib/ that can provide a good place to start.

you can reuse many existing operations like:

• lib/iam.go

• lib/lambda.go

• lib/ec2.go

alternatively, lift and shift to other infrastructure automation tooling. ls and describe operations will give you all the information you need.

testing

run all integration tests aws with tox:

export LIBAWS_TEST_ACCOUNT=$ACCOUNT_NUM

tox

run one integration test aws with tox:

export LIBAWS_TEST_ACCOUNT=$ACCOUNT_NUM

tox -- bash -c 'cd examples/simple/python/api/ && python test.py'